12/8/2023 0 Comments Atomic reactivity definitionExperimental and theoretical methods on cluster research have seen substantial amount of improvement over the years in discovering a diversity of size-specific phenomena and physicochemical cluster properties ( Jena and Castleman, 2010). The unique size-dependent properties of clusters are distinct from the molecules and bulk solids ( Sergeeva et al., 2014). Nonmetallic atomic clusters came into the limelight later, from both theoretical and experimental studies. Cotton first used the term cluster for compounds with metal–metal bonds. A theoretical study elucidates that cluster properties strongly depend on the geometry of the isolated cluster and the topology of the cluster sample. In this Review article, we intend to highlight all these aspects.Ī cluster is defined as a finite aggregation of atoms, starting with as low as two atoms and extending up to an upper bound of some hundred thousand atoms ( Herr, 1993 Corrigan and Dehnen, 2017). Many atomic clusters show exceptional opto-electronic, magnetic, and nonlinear optical properties. They have potential to be good hydrogen storage materials and also to activate small molecules for various purposes. The confined media cause drastic changes in bonding, reactivity, and other properties, for example, bonding between two noble gas atoms, and remarkable acceleration in the rate of a chemical reaction under confinement. Several of these cluster cavitands are found to be agents for effective confinement. Some of these clusters are dynamically stable as exemplified through their fluxional behavior. Different all-metal and nonmetal clusters exhibit a variety of aromatic characteristics. Bond-stretch isomerism, aromatic stabilization, Rener-Teller effect, improved superhalogen/superalkali properties, and electride characteristics are some of the hallmarks of these clusters. Various machine learning based techniques have been adopted in generating their global minimum energy structures. They are known to be useful as catalysts facilitating several reactions of industrial importance. 3Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, IndiaĪtomic clusters lie somewhere in between isolated atoms and extended solids with distinctly different reactivity patterns.2Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.1Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.Ranita Pal 1 Arpita Poddar 2 Pratim Kumar Chattaraj 2,3* †
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